Game console

ABSTRACT

A portable, handheld game console includes a main body incorporating a touch-sensitive display screen and a variety of input devices. The input devices can include shoulder buttons located on a peripheral side surface of the main body, as well as input devices located on the main body adjacent the touch-sensitive display screen.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/230,951, filed Dec. 21, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/991,710, filed Jan. 8, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,173,132, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/564,678, filed Dec. 9, 2014, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 12/461,535, filed Aug. 14, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,972,658, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/111,985, filed Apr. 22, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,267,780, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/921,957, filed on Aug. 20, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,786,997, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-106874, filed Mar. 31, 2004. The contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in this application.

The illustrative embodiments relate to an electronic game and communications device and, more specifically, to a new console configuration for a portable, handheld electronic game with dual screens. Certain of the illustrative embodiments also relate to a portable game machine including two or more display units, on each of which a three-dimensional game image, generated by a three-dimensional image processing unit, is displayed.

BACKGROUND

Portable, handheld game devices are by now well known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,716,103; 6,743,104; 6,821,204. Game devices previously have not had, however, dual screen functionality in combination with touch-sensitive technology, and the capability of accommodating different-sized game cards packaged in a novel and easy-to-use game console.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

In an exemplary embodiment of this invention, a portable, handheld electronic game device is provided in a unique console configuration, outfitted and arranged for easy access to various functional features and related aspects of the game device.

Generally, the portable game device in the exemplary embodiment is made up of a main body and a cover body that is pivotally attached to the main body for movement between open and closed positions. Twin, backlit, color liquid crystal displays (LCD's) are provided, one on each of the inner surfaces of both the main body and cover body such that, when the cover body is pivoted over the main body to the closed position, the display screens substantially overlie one another and are hidden from view (and thus protected). Each LCD is a three inch screen that can reproduce true 3-D views, and one of the screens also employs touch-sensitive technology for enhanced interaction with associated games. To further enhance the interactive experience, a stylus is provided with the game for activating the touch screen, and a blind bore is provided in the main body for storing the stylus when it is not being used.

The main body of the device is also provided with all of the game control buttons. Most of the control buttons are on the inner face of the main body, on either side of the display screen, along with microphone, recharge, and power indicators. The rearward portion of a peripheral edge surrounding the main body also supports an additional pair of buttons for game control. The peripheral edge of the main body also provides access to various other features and functions of the device. For example, a forward portion of the peripheral edge incorporates a volume control slide, a first game slot as well as headphone/microphone connectors. The rearward portion of the peripheral edge is provided with, in addition to the control buttons, an external extension connector for connecting an AC adaptor that can be used to either recharge the internal battery or to operate the game device using household power; a wrist strap attachment mechanism; the stylus port; and a second game slot designed to accommodate larger game cards from earlier game systems manufactured by the assignee of this invention.

In addition to the LCD on the inner face of the cover body, the latter is also provided with a pair of stereo speakers, one on either side of the display screen.

A substantially square game or memory card designed especially for use with the game device disclosed herein has planar upper and lower surfaces, a forward edge, a rearward edge, and a pair of side edges. The forward end of the upper surface is formed with a recess in which a plurality of terminal or electrical connector strips are located, extending from a rear wall of the recess to the forward edge of the card. The terminal strips are parallel to each other and are separated by raised ribs that extend from the rear wall of the recess to the forward edge. These ribs protect the terminal strips from contact with the user's hands or other objects.

An enlarged radius is provided at one forward corner of the card, where the forward edge of the card meets one side edge of the card. A first notch is also formed at this same corner, and a second notch is formed along this same side edge, intermediate the forward and rearward ends of the card. These two notches interact with a spring-loaded “push-push” mechanism inside the game slot for controlled insertion and ejection of the game card into and from the game console.

The opposite forward corner of the card is defined by a smaller radius merging into the other side edge that is defined by a stepped shoulder in the upper plane of the card, extending along the entire length of the card. This shoulder insures correct orientation of the card when inserted into the game card slot.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention relates to a portable, handheld game console comprising a main body incorporating a first display screen on an inner face of the main body, and a cover body incorporating a second display screen on an inner face of the cover body, the main body hingedly connected to the cover body along adjacent forward and rearward edges, respectively, such that the cover body is movable between a closed position where the cover body overlies the main body with the first and second display screens hidden from view, and an open position where the cover body is folded away from the main body with the first and second display screens visible to a user; wherein the main body is provided with a plurality of control buttons and at least one game card slot for receiving a game card of first predetermined dimensions.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a portable, handheld game console comprising a main body incorporating a first touch-sensitive display screen on an inner face of the main body, and a cover body incorporating a second display screen on an inner face of the cover body, the main body hingedly connected to the cover body along adjacent forward and rearward edges, respectively, such that the cover body is movable between a closed position where the cover body overlies the main body with the first and second display screens hidden from view, and an open position where the cover body is folded away from the main body with the first and second display screens visible to a user; wherein the main body is provided with a plurality of control buttons, at least one game card slot for receiving a game card of first predetermined dimensions; and a second game slot for receiving another game card of second predetermined dimensions different from the first predetermined dimensions.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a substantially square memory card for a game machine comprising a substantially flat card body having length, width and thickness dimensions, the card body defined by upper and lower surfaces, and by a forward edge, a rearward edge and a pair of side edges; and a plurality of electrically conductive terminal strips adjacent the forward edge; wherein one of the side edges has a single continuous step configuration along the entire length dimension of the card, and wherein a first notch is formed in a first forward corner of the card where the forward edge meets the other of the pair of side edges.

In accordance with a feature of an illustrative embodiment, the portable game machine includes hardware/software capable of simultaneously displaying different three-dimensional images on two display units by using a single three-dimensional image processing unit without causing flicker on display screens.

Also, another feature of an illustrative embodiment is to make it possible for a portable game machine to include two display units, at least one two-dimensional image processing unit, and a single three-dimensional image processing unit, wherein a game image generated by the two-dimensional image processing unit is displayed on one of the display units and a game image generated by the three-dimensional image processing unit is displayed on the other display unit, and to simultaneously display different three-dimensional game images on the two display units without adding another three-dimensional image processing unit or substantially changing the configuration of the portable game machine.

The handheld portable game device and associated memory card in accordance with this invention will now be described in detail in connection with the drawings identified below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the electronic game and communications device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, with the device shown in an open, ready-to-use orientation;

FIG. 2 is a inverted perspective view of the game device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front elevation of the device shown in FIG. 1, but with the game shown in a closed position;

FIG. 4 is a rear elevation of the device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a stylus for use with the game device shown in FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a game card for use with the game device shown in FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of the game card shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of a front, right corner of the card shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is an external view of a portable game machine according to a further illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an illustration showing an internal configuration of a portable game machine;

FIG. 11 is an illustration showing an internal configuration of a GPU 222;

FIG. 12 is an illustration showing the operation of a portable game machine in an odd-numbered frame;

FIG. 13 is an illustration showing the operation of the portable game machine in an even-numbered frame;

FIG. 14 is an illustration showing one example of a virtual three-dimensional game space;

FIG. 15 is an illustration showing one example of a game screen displayed on a first display screen 11 a and a second display screen 212 a;

FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the operation of an illustrative portable game machine;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a flow of an odd-numbered frame rendering/displaying process;

FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a flow of an even-numbered frame rendering/displaying process;

FIG. 19 is an illustration showing an original two-dimensional game image generating process to be performed by a two-dimensional image processing unit 37; and

FIG. 20 is an illustration showing an internal configuration of a GPU 22 according to an exemplary modification of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in an illustrative embodiment the game device or console 10 includes a main body 12 and a cover body 14 hingedly connected to each other along an upper edge of the main body 12 and a lower edge of the cover body 14 (references herein to terms such as “upper” and “lower” and “forward” and “rearward” are for ease of understanding and are made relative to an orientation of the game device where the cover body 14 is in an open position and the game is being held by a user in a normal operating position). Hinge elements 16, 18 and 20 on the main body 12 mesh with hinge elements 22 and 24 on the cover body, with a hinge pin (not shown) extending through the aligned hinge elements in conventional fashion. Note that because hinge elements 16, 18 and 20 extend from the upper (or inner) face 26 of the main body 12, the cover body 14 overlies the upper face 26 when the cover body 14 is closed over the main body. When the cover body 14 is in its fully open position, it is substantially parallel to the main body 12 but lies in a substantially parallel, offset plane. The main body 12 also has a lower (or outer) face 28 (FIG. 2) and a peripheral edge 30.

A first display screen 32 is recessed within the upper face 26 of the main body 12 with dimensions of approximately 2½ inches in length and 1⅞ inches in width, yielding a diagonal screen dimension of 3 inches. The screen in the exemplary embodiment is a backlit, color liquid crystal display (LCD). This screen is touch sensitive and may be activated by a stylus, described further herein. A power button 34 is located in the upper left corner of face 26 and is used to turn the game on and off. A cross-shaped directional control button 36 is located adjacent and below the power button 34, and is used for game play control.

In the upper right corner of the main body 12, there are side-by-side “start” and “select” buttons 38, 40, respectively, with X/Y/A/B buttons 42 located adjacent and below the “start” and select” buttons. Buttons 38, 40 and 42 are also used for game play control. A microphone 44 is located below the left edge of screen 32 for use with specially designed games having a microphone feature. A battery recharge indicator LED 46 and a power indicator LED 48 are also located on the upper face 26, adjacent the lower edge thereof, below the right edge of screen 32.

With reference now especially to FIG. 3, a lower or forward portion 50 of the peripheral edge 30 (closest to the user) is provided with a volume control slide 52 and headphone and microphone connectors 54, 56 on either side of a first game slot 58. Slot 58 is especially designed for larger game cartridges or cards originally designed for use with the assignee's Game Boy Advance® game system.

As best seen in FIG. 2, an upper or rearward portion 60 of the peripheral edge 30 is provided with an external extension connector 62 that permits connection to an AC adapter for recharging the internal battery (not shown), or for operating the game using household power. A second game slot 64 in edge portion 60 is designed for receiving memory or game cards especially designed for this game device. The second game slot 64 is smaller than the first game slot 58, reflecting the different sizes of the game cards. Openings 66, 68 form an elbow-shaped through slot adapted for securing a wrist strap (not shown), thereby enabling the user to secure the game device to the body and thus minimize the potential for losing or misplacing the game. A stylus port or holder, in the form of a blind bore 70 is located adjacent the wrist-strap mount for holding a stylus 71 (FIG. 5) before or after use.

The stylus 71 is a plastic pencil-shaped device with a rounded tip 73 and is used to activate the touch screen 32.

A pair of left, right control buttons (or shoulder buttons) 72, 74 are located on the peripheral edge 30, at the corners where the upper portion 60 of the peripheral edge 30 meets the side portions 76, 78 of the peripheral edge. The location of these buttons and the location of previously described buttons 34, 36 and 42 facilitate manipulation game control by the user's thumbs and index fingers when the game is held with two hands in a natural and intuitive manner.

The lower (or outer) face 28 of the main body is provided with a battery cover 80 (FIG. 2) for accessing a rechargeable battery pack located within the main body.

The cover body 14 also has an upper (or inner) face 82 (FIG. 1) and a lower (or outer) face 84 (FIG. 2) connected by a peripheral edge 86. The upper face 60 incorporates a second display screen 88 of substantially the same dimensions as screen 32. Screen 88 is also a backlit color LCD. The cover body 14 also incorporates a pair of stereo speakers, with speaker grills 90, 92 located on opposite sides of the screen 88. Dimples or pads 94, 96 may be located above and laterally of screen 88. The dimples may be made of a compressible polymer or other suitable material and serve to dampen engagement of the inner surface 82 of the cover body 14 with the inner surface 26 of the main body 12 when the cover body is closed over the main body.

As already noted, the game card slot 58 is sized and adapted to receive a conventional game card designed for the by now well known Nintendo Gameboy Advance System®. Accordingly, the game card per se for slot 58 does not form any part of this invention and need not be described further.

The new game or memory card 100 designed especially for use with this game device is shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8.

The game or memory card 100 is preferably of molded plastic construction and has substantially planar upper and lower surfaces 102, 104, respectively, a forward edge 106, rearward edge 108 and side edges 110, 112. The forward end of the upper surface 102 is formed with a rectangular recess 114 in which a plurality of terminal strips 116 are located, extending from a rear wall 118 of the recess to the forward edge 106 of the card. The rearward wall 115 of the recess is substantially perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces 102, 104 but, as a practical matter, is sloped by no more than about 3 degrees simply to facilitate removal of the card from the mold during manufacture of the card. The terminal strips 116 are parallel to each other and are separated by raised ribs 120 that also extend from the rear wall 118 to the forward edge 106. The free ends 122 of the ribs 120 are chamfered as best seen in FIG. 8 to facilitate sliding entry of the card into the slot 58 in the main body 12. Ribs 120 also protect the terminal strips 116 from contact with the users' hands or other objects. The recess 114 and array of terminal strips 116 are not centered along the forward edge 106 of the card, but rather, are offset laterally toward the side edge 112 for a purpose explained in greater detail below.

An enlarged radius 124 is formed at forward corner 126 where the side edge 110 meets forward edge 106. A first notch 128 is formed in corner 126, defined by a vertical notch side wall 130, a vertical notch back wall 132 and a flat notch bottom wall 134. The latter is parallel to the upper and lower card surfaces 102, 104, while notch side wall 130 is parallel to side edges 110, 112, and notch back wall is perpendicular to the notch side wall 130 and parallel to the card forward edge 106. The depth of the notch is about half the approximate ⅛ inch thickness of the card, and the length of the notch is about ¼ inch, which in turn, is about half the length of the recess 114. Rearwardly of the notch 128, along the card side edge 110, there is formed a second notch 136 that opens to the side of the card, defined by parallel side walls 140, 142 and a back wall 144. Side walls 140, 142 are parallel to forward and rearward card edges 106, 108 while back wall 144 is parallel to card side edges 110, 112. An angled surface 145 connects back wall 144 to the edge 110. Here again, the depth of the notch is about half the thickness of the card, and the length of the notch is about ⅛ inch.

Notches 128 and 136 cooperate with components of a “push-push” mechanism inside the game slot 64 to provide controlled, spring-loaded movement of the game card during insertion and ejection.

The opposite forward corner 146 of the card where side edge 112 meets forward edge 106 is defined by a smaller radius than radius 124. Note that the forward surfaces 148, 150 of the card on either side of the recess 114 are also chamfered to substantially the same degree as the chamfer on ribs 120.

Side edge 112 is stepped along its entire length in the upper plane of the card only, as defined by horizontal shoulder 152 that is parallel to upper and lower surfaces 102, 104 and a recessed edge portion shoulder 154 that is parallel to the side edges 110, 112. This shoulder insures correct orientation of the card when inserted into a game console slot.

The rearward edge 108 of the card is substantially uniform in profile from side edge 110 to side edge 112, with both rearward corners 156, 158 rounded by a radii similar to the radius at corner 146.

The dimensions of the card are matched to the game machine entry slot, and in the exemplary embodiment, the card 100 is substantially square, with a length dimension (front-to-back) of 1⅜″, and a width dimension (side-to-side) of 1¼″.

FIG. 9 is a further illustrative embodiment of a portable game machine 200. As with the prior embodiment, a further exemplary game machine physically including two display screens with one of the display screens being covered with a touch panel is exemplarily described. In the present embodiment, a game image is displayed on at least the display screen covered with the touch panel. Also, a non-portable video game machine, an arcade game machine, a portable terminal, a cellular phone, or a personal computer may be used as the game machine.

FIG. 9 is an external view of the portable game machine 200. As shown in FIG. 9, the portable game machine 200 includes two display screens, that is, a first display screen 211 a and a second display screen 212 a. The surface of the second display screen 212 a is covered with a touch panel 213. Also, to the right of the second display screen 212 a, the game machine includes an A button 214 a, a B button 214 b, and an R switch 214 c, which are operable by the right hand of the player, and a loudspeaker 215 for producing game music. To the left of the second display screen 212 a, the game machine includes a cross key 214 d, a start button 214 e, a select button 214 f, and an L switch 214 g, which are operable by the left hand of the player. Also, the portable game machine 200 includes a removable stylus 216 for input to the touch panel 213. Furthermore, the portable game machine 200 has, removably inserted therein, a cartridge 217, which is a storage medium having stored therein a game program of the illustrative embodiments. Note that, in the present embodiment, the touch panel 213 is exemplarily provided as an input unit, but this does not restrict the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the portable game machine 200. It should be understood that the hardware/software and operational description which follows is applicable to the illustrative embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-8 as well as the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 10, the portable game machine 200 includes a CPU (central processing unit) 223, which is an example of a computer for executing the game program, and other components. The CPU 223 includes a work RAM (working storage unit) 224, a GPU (graphic processing unit) 222, and a peripheral circuit I/F (interface) 225 that are electrically connected to one another. The work RAM 224 is a memory for temporarily storing, for example, the game program to be executed by the CPU 223 and calculation results of the CPU 223. The GPU 222 uses, in response to an instruction from the CPU 223, a VRAM 221 to generate a game image for display output to a first LCD (liquid crystal display unit) 211 and a second LCD 212, and causes the generated game image to be displayed on the first display screen 211 a of the first LCD 211 and the second display screen 212 a of the second LCD 212. The peripheral circuit I/F 225 is a circuit for transmitting and receiving data between external input/output units, such as the touch panel 213, the operation keys 214, and the loudspeaker 215, and the CPU 223. The touch panel 213 (including a device driver for the touch panel) outputs coordinate data corresponding to a position input (specified) with the stylus 216.

Furthermore, the CPU 223 is electrically connected to the external memory I/F 226, in which the cartridge 217 is inserted. The cartridge 217 is a storage medium for storing the game program and, specifically, includes a program ROM 217 a for storing the game program and a backup RAM 217 b for rewritably storing backup data. The game program stored in the program ROM 217 a of the cartridge 217 is loaded to the work RAM 224 and is then executed by the CPU 223. In the present embodiment, an exemplary case is described in which the game program is supplied from an external storage medium to the portable game machine 200. However, the game program may be stored in a non-volatile memory incorporated in advance in the portable game machine 200, or may be supplied to the portable game machine 200 via a wired or wireless communication circuit.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the GPU 222. The GPU 222 includes two image processing units, that is, a three-dimensional image processing unit 231 and a two-dimensional image processing unit 237. The three-dimensional image processing unit 231 includes a geometry engine for calculating each vertex of a three-dimensional model based on three-dimensional model data and a rendering engine for generating a game image from the three-dimensional model disposed on a virtual three-dimensional game space. The two-dimensional image processing unit 237 includes a 2D rendering engine for generating a game image based on two-dimensional image data representing characters and two-dimensional image data representing backgrounds. More specifically, the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 disposes a two-dimensional image representing a character on a virtual screen called a “sprite” and a two-dimensional image representing a background on a virtual screen called a “screen”, and then synthesizes these virtual screens to generate a game image to be eventually displayed.

The three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is connected to the 3D line buffer 232. The 3D line buffer 232 is a buffer memory for temporarily retaining image data for one scanning line of the first LCD 211 (or the second LCD 212). The image data generated by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is stored in this 3D line buffer 232 sequentially by one line.

The 3D line buffer 232 is connected to a capture circuit 233 and an LCD selector (SEL LCD) 235. The capture circuit 233 sequentially reads image data for one line stored in the 3D line buffer 232 and then sequentially stores the read image data in the VRAM 221, which will be described further below, thereby capturing the game image generated by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231.

The capture circuit 233 is connected to a VRAM selector (SEL VRAM) 234. The VRAM 221 is provided with two VRAMs, that is, a first VRAM 221 a and a second VRAM 221 b. Instead of these two first and second VRAMs 221 a and 221 b, a single VRAM may be used with its two different storage areas being used as the first VRAM 221 a and the second VRAM 221 b. The VRAM selector 234 switches an output destination of the capture circuit 233 between the first VRAM 221 a and the second VRAM 221 b.

The first VRAM 221 a and the second VRAM 221 b are connected to a VRAM selector (SEL VRAM) 236. The VRAM selector 236 switches a source of data to the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 between the first VRAM 21 a and the second VRAM 221 b.

The two-dimensional image processing unit 237 is connected to a 2D line buffer 238. As with the 3D line buffer 232, the 2D line buffer 238 is a buffer memory for temporarily retaining image data for one scanning line of the second LCD 212. The image data generated by the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 is stored in this 2D line buffer 238 sequentially by one line.

The 2D line buffer 238 is connected to an LCD selector 235. The LCD selector 235 switches an output destination of the 3D line buffer 232 between the first LCD 211 and the second LCD 212, and an output destination of the 2D line buffer 238 between the first LCD 211 and the second LCD 212. In the present embodiment, the LCD selector 235 performs control such that, when the output of the 3D line buffer 232 is supplied to the first LCD 11, the output of the 2D line buffer 38 is supplied to the second LCD 212, and when the output of the 3D line buffer 232 is supplied to the second LCD 212, the output of the 2D line buffer 238 is supplied to the first LCD 211.

The portable game machine 200 has the above-described structure. Generally, the game image generated by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is supplied via the 3D line buffer 232 and the LCD selector 235 to the first LCD 211, while the game image generated by the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 is supplied via the 2D line buffer 238 and the LCD selector 235 to the second LCD 212. As a result, the three-dimensional game image generated by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is displayed on the first display screen 211 a, while the two-dimensional game image generated by the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 is displayed on the second display screen 212 a. However, the present embodiment has a feature in which the above-structured portable game machine 200 is used to display different three-dimensional game images on two display screens, that is, the first display screen 211 a and the second display screen 212 a. Hereinafter, the operation of the portable game machine 200 according to the present embodiment is described.

The portable game machine 200 alternately performs operations with periods of one frame. Hereinafter, the operation of the portable game machine 200 is described as being divided into a process in an odd-numbered frame and a process in an even-numbered frame. Note that the “odd-numbered frame” and the “even-numbered frame” are merely so called for convenience. In other words, if one frame is assumed to be an odd-numbered frame, frames before and after that frames are even-numbered frames. Conversely, if one frame is assumed to be an even-numbered frame, frames before and after that frames are odd-numbered frames.

FIG. 12 is an illustration showing the operation of the portable game machine 200 in an odd-numbered frame. As shown in FIG. 12, in the odd-numbered frame, the game image generated by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is supplied via the 3D line buffer 232 to the first LCD 211. Also, the output from the capture circuit 233 is supplied to the first VRAM 221 a. That is, the game image supplied in this frame to the first LCD 211 is captured by the capture circuit 233, and is then stored in the first VRAM 221 a. Also, the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 reads the game image stored in the second VRAM 221 b (the game image captured in the immediately-preceding even-numbered frame by the capture circuit 233, as will be described further below). This game image is, as will be described further below, identical to the game image supplied in the immediately-preceding even-numbered frame to the second LCD 212. The game image read by the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 is supplied via the 2D line buffer 238 to the second LCD 212. As such, in the odd-numbered frame, the game image generated in this frame by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is supplied to the first LCD 211, while the game image generated in the immediately-preceding even-numbered frame by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is supplied to the second LCD 212.

FIG. 13 is an illustration showing the operation of the portable game machine 200 in an even-numbered frame. As shown in FIG. 13, in the even-numbered frame, the game image generated by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is supplied via the 3D line buffer 232 to the second LCD 212. Also, the output from the capture circuit 233 is supplied to the second VRAM 221 b. That is, the game image supplied in this frame to the second LCD 212 is captured by the capture circuit 233, and is then stored in the second VRAM 221 b. Also, the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 reads the game image stored in the first VRAM 221 a (the game image captured in the immediately-preceding odd-numbered frame by the capture circuit 233, as will be described further below). This game image is identical to the game image supplied in the immediately-preceding odd-numbered frame to the first LCD 211. The game image read by the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 is supplied via the 2D line buffer 238 to the first LCD 211. As such, in the even-numbered frame, the game image generated in this frame by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is supplied to the second LCD 212, while the game image generated in the immediately-preceding odd-numbered frame by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is supplied to the first LCD 211.

In the present embodiment, the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 generates a game image representing a state in a virtual three-dimensional game space captured by virtual cameras different for odd-numbered and even-numbered frames. FIG. 14 is an illustration showing one example of the virtual three-dimensional game space. In FIG. 14, this virtual three-dimensional game space has disposed therein a first enemy character and a second enemy character as well as two virtual cameras, that is, a first virtual camera and a second virtual camera. In each odd-numbered frame, the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 generates a game image representing a state in a virtual three-dimensional game space captured by the first virtual camera. In each even-numbered frame, the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 generates a game image representing a state in a virtual three-dimensional game space captured by the second virtual camera. Alternatively, the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 may be provided with a plurality of virtual three-dimensional game spaces for generating, for odd-numbered and even-numbered frame, game images representing different states in the virtual three-dimensional game space.

Examples of the game screen displayed on the first display screen 211 a and the second display screen 212 a based on the above-described operation of the portable game machine 200 are illustrated in FIG. 15. As can be seen from FIG. 15, in each odd-numbered frame, a game image generated in that frame by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 (such an image is hereinafter referred to as a real-time image) is displayed on the first display screen 211 a, while a game image generated in the immediately-preceding frame by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 then captured by the capture circuit 233 (such an image is hereinafter referred to as a captured image) is displayed on the second display screen 212 a. On the other hand, in each even-numbered frame, a game image (real-time image) generated in that frame by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 is displayed on the second display screen 212 a, while a game image (captured image) generated in the immediately-preceding frame by the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 and then captured by the capture circuit 233 is displayed on the first display screen 211 a.

As such, in the present embodiment, a real-time image and a captured image are alternately displayed on the first display screen 11 a and the second display screen 212 a. Then, on the first display screen 211 a, a game image representing the state of the virtual three-dimensional game space captured by the first virtual camera is displayed, while on the second display screen 212 a, a game image representing the state of the virtual three-dimensional game space captured by the second virtual camera is displayed. Note that, as evident from FIG. 15, game images are displayed for each frame on the first and second display screens 211 a and 212 a, thereby preventing flicker on the display screens.

With reference to FIGS. 16 through 18, the operation of the portable game machine 200 is described in more detail. Here, steps S11 through S17, S19 through S21, and S23 shown in FIG. 16 are described as process steps to be performed in the CPU 223 based on the game program stored in the program ROM 217 a of the cartridge 217. However, any of these process steps may be achieved only by hardware.

In FIG. 16, the CPU 223 generates a virtual three-dimensional game space (S11). Specifically, in this process, world coordinates of each vertex of three-dimensional models, such as a player character and enemy characters, formed by a plurality of polygons are set at initial values. Next, based on operation key data output from the operation keys 214, the CPU 223 updates the coordinates of the player character in the virtual three-dimensional game space (S12), and then updates the coordinates of each enemy character in the virtual three-dimensional game space based on a predetermined algorithm (S13).

The CPU 223 then determines whether the current frame is an odd-numbered frame (S14).

When the current frame is an odd-numbered frame, the CPU 223 allocates the first LCD 211 as the output destination of the 3D line buffer 232 and the second LCD 212 as the output destination of the 2D line buffer 238 (S15). Furthermore, the CPU 223 allocates the first VRAM 221 a as the output destination of the capture circuit 233 (S16), and the second VRAM 221 b to the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 (S17). Thereafter, an odd-numbered frame rendering/displaying process (S18) is performed, and then the procedure goes to step S23. Details of the odd-numbered frame rendering/displaying process are described further below.

On the other hand, when the current frame is an even-numbered frame, the CPU 223 allocates the second LCD 212 as the output destination of the 3D line buffer 232 and the first LCD 211 as the output destination of the 2D line buffer 238 (S19). Furthermore, the CPU 223 allocates the second VRAM 221 b as the output destination of the capture circuit (S20) and the first VRAM 221 a to the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 (S21). Thereafter, an even-numbered frame rendering/displaying process (S22) is performed, and then the procedure goes to step S23. Details of the even-numbered frame rendering/displaying process are described further below.

In step S23, the CPU 223 determines whether the game is over. If the game continues, the procedure returns to step S12. If the game is over, the procedure ends.

Next, the details of the odd-numbered frame rendering/displaying process are described with reference to FIG. 17. The odd-numbered frame rendering/displaying process is performed by the GPU 222 based on instructions from the CPU 223.

First, the geometry engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 converts vertex coordinates (in the world coordinate system) of each polygon in the virtual three-dimensional game space to the two-dimensional projection coordinate system (S32). When conversion of the vertex coordinates of each polygon is completed, an instruction for starting a display process is issued from the GPU 222 to the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 and the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional image processing unit (S33). Upon reception of this instruction, the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 and the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional processing unit concurrently perform their respective processes.

Upon reception of the display process starting instruction, the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 generates image data for the first one line through a rendering process based on the results of conversions of the vertex coordinates of each polygon, and then stores the generated image data in the 3D line buffer 232 (S34). Then, the image data for one line stored in this 3D line buffer 232 is supplied to the first LCD 211, and is then displayed on the first display screen 211 a (S35). Also, the image data for one line stored in the 3D line buffer 232 is stored in a predetermined area of the first VRAM 221 a by the capture circuit 233 (S36). Then, after waiting for an H blank timing (horizontal blanking period) in order to establish horizontal synchronization (S37), the rendering engine performs a process similar to the above for the next line. That is, the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 generates image data for the next one line, and then stores the generated image data in the 3D line buffer 232 (S34). Thereafter, until all lines have been completely processed (that is, until the entire screen has been completely processed), processes of steps S34 through S37 are repeated.

Upon reception of the display process starting instruction, the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 reads image data for the first one line of the game image stored in the second VRAM 221 b, and then stores the read image data in the 2D line buffer 238 (S39). Then, the image data for one line stored in this 2D line buffer 238 is supplied to the second LCD 212, and is then displayed on the second display screen 212 a (S40). Then, after waiting for an H blank timing (horizontal blanking period) in order to establish horizontal synchronization (S41), the 2D rendering engine performs a process similar to the above. That is, the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 reads image data for the next one line from the second VRAM 221 b, and then stores the read image data in the 2D line buffer 238 (S39). Thereafter, until all lines have been completely processed (that is, until the entire screen has been completely processed), processes of steps S39 through S41 are repeated.

When all lines have been completely processed by the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 and the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional image processing unit 237, the odd-numbered frame rendering/displaying process ends.

Next, the details of the even-numbered frame rendering/displaying process are described with reference to FIG. 18. This even-numbered rendering/displaying process is performed by the GPU 222 based on instructions from the CPU 223.

First, the geometry engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 converts vertex coordinates (in the world coordinate system) of each polygon in the virtual three-dimensional game space to the camera coordinate system (S51). Furthermore, the geometry engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 converts these vertex coordinates (in the camera coordinate system) to the two-dimensional projection coordinate system (S52). When conversion of the vertex coordinates of each polygon is completed, an instruction for starting a display process is issued from the GPU 222 to the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 and the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional image processing unit (S53). Upon reception of this instruction, the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 and the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional processing unit concurrently perform their respective processes.

Upon reception of the display process starting instruction, the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 generates image data for the first one line through a rendering process based on the results of conversions of the vertex coordinates of each polygon, and then stores the generated image data in the 3D line buffer 232 (S54). Then, the image data for one line stored in this 3D line buffer 232 is supplied to the second LCD 212, and is then displayed on the second display screen 212 a (S55). Also, the image data for one line stored in the 3D line buffer 232 is stored in a predetermined area of the second VRAM 221 b by the capture circuit 233 (S56). Then, after waiting for an H blank timing (horizontal blanking period) in order to establish horizontal synchronization (S57), the rendering engine performs a process similar to the above for the next line. That is, the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 generates image data for the next one line, and then stores the generated image data in the 3D line buffer 232 (S54). Thereafter, until all lines have been completely processed (that is, until the entire screen has been completely processed), processes of steps S54 through S7 are repeated.

Upon reception of the display process starting instruction, the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 reads image data for the first one line of the game image stored in the first VRAM 221 a, and then stores the read image data in the 2D line buffer 238 (S59). Then, the image data for one line stored in this 2D line buffer 238 is supplied to the first LCD 211, and is then displayed on the first display screen 211 a (S60). Then, after waiting for an H blank timing (horizontal blanking period) in order to establish horizontal synchronization (S61), the 2D rendering engine performs a process similar to the above. That is, the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 reads image data for the next one line from the first VRAM 221 a, and then stores the read image data in the 2D line buffer 238 (S59). Thereafter, until all lines have been completely processed (that is, until the entire screen has been completely processed), processes of steps S59 through S61 are repeated.

When all lines have been completely processed by the rendering engine of the three-dimensional image processing unit 231 and the 2D rendering engine of the two-dimensional image processing unit 237, the even-numbered frame rendering/displaying process ends.

As described above, according to the portable game machine 200 of the present embodiment, by using the single three-dimensional image processing unit 231, different three-dimensional game images can be simultaneously displayed on the first LCD 211 and the second LCD 212 without flicker on the display screens.

As described above, when generating a normal two-dimensional game image, the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 disposes a two-dimensional image representing a character on the virtual screen called a “sprite” and a two-dimensional image representing a background on the virtual screen called a “screen”, and then synthesizes these virtual screens to generate a game image to be eventually displayed. There might be the case where a plurality of “screens” are present. FIG. 19 shows an example in which five virtual screens, that is, a sprite and screens 0 through 3, are synthesized to form a two-dimensional game image. As an exemplary modification of the present embodiment, any two of these virtual screens can be used in place of the first VRAM 221 a and the second VRAM 221 b. The structure of the portable game machine 200 in that case is exemplarily shown in FIG. 20. In the example of FIG. 20, a sprite area 221 c and a screen area 221 d are used in place of the first VRAM 221 a and the second VRAM 221 b. Hereinafter, the operation in the exemplary modification is briefly described.

The capture circuit 233 stores the game image captured in each odd-numbered frame in the sprite area 221 c of the VRAM 221 and the game image captured in each even-numbered frame in the screen area 221 d of the VRAM 221. When generating a normal two-dimensional game image, the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 generates a two-dimensional game image formed by synthesizing the “sprite” and the “screen” and then outputs the generated image to the 2D line buffer 238. In the exemplary modification, however, in each odd-numbered frame, the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 generates a game image formed of only the “screen”, and then outputs the generated game image via the 2D line buffer 238 to the second LCD 212. In each even-numbered frame, the two-dimensional image processing unit 237 generates a game image formed of only the “sprite”, and then outputs the generated game image via the 2D line buffer 238 to the first LCD 211. As a result, game images similar to those shown in FIG. 15 are displayed on the first display screen 211 a and the second display screen 212 a.

As such, selecting a desired virtual screen from a plurality of virtual screens for display is a function originally provided to the two-dimensional image processing unit 237. Therefore, no special function has to be added to the two-dimensional image processing unit. Also, an additional storage area for temporarily storing the game image captured by the capture circuit 233 is not required, thereby suppressing cost required for the portable game machine 200.

As one embodiment of the present invention, the portable game machine having a hardware structure as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 has been described. However, the present invention is applied not only to the portable game machine having such a hardware structure, but to the one having the above hardware structure achieved by the CPU and software. Also, the portable game machine according to the present embodiment can be emulated by a computer system, such as a personal computer or a portable information terminal. In this case, a game program that causes the computer system to achieve each hardware function of the portable game machine according to the present embodiment is supplied to the computer system. With this, the present invention can be applied also to a general-purpose computer system.

While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A handheld electronic gaming device, comprising: a housing having an opening for accommodating a touch-sensitive display screen such that front surfaces of the housing and the display screen are substantially parallel with one another when the display screen is held in the opening, the display screen being controllable by image processing circuitry to cause three-dimensional images to be displayed thereon; a protrusion running along at least left and right edges of the opening and extending outwardly from the front surface of the housing in a direction opposite a depth of the opening; a directional input to the left of the opening; a cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons to the right of the opening, wherein the directional input and the cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the opening; first and second game function buttons horizontally in line with one another, the first and second game function buttons having a combined user-operable surface area smaller than that of the cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons; a left shoulder button and a right shoulder button that are symmetrical with respect to the housing, the left and right shoulder buttons protruding outwardly from the housing and generally following contours at upper front corners thereof; a power port on a side edge surface of the housing, the side edge surface being substantially perpendicular to the front surface of the housing; at least one speaker port located towards at least one of the left and right sides of the opening; and at least one status indicator located on the front surface of the housing towards a peripheral edge thereof.
 2. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 1, wherein one of the first and second game function buttons is a special purpose function button.
 3. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 2, wherein the special purpose function button is a power button.
 4. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 1, wherein a volume control is provided on a side edge surface different from the side edge surface of the housing on which the power port is located.
 5. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 1, wherein an audio interface configured to connect to an external audio output device is provided on a surface different from the side edge surface of the housing on which the power port is located.
 6. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 5, wherein the audio interface includes at least a headphone jack.
 7. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 1, wherein a memory card slot is provided to a surface different from the side edge surface of the housing on which the power port is located.
 8. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 7, wherein the memory card slot is configured to receive a memory card such that, when the memory card is received therein, the memory card is located behind the front surface of the display screen.
 9. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 8, wherein a first memory card is providable to the memory card slot to provide a first memory for the handheld electronic gaming device, and wherein a second memory is providable within the housing remote from the memory card slot.
 10. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 9, wherein the first and second memories are locatable between the left shoulder button and the right shoulder button.
 11. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one speaker port, the directional input, and the cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons are located such that when the user holds the gaming device with both hands in order to operate the directional input and the cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons, the user's hands are not positioned in front of the at least one speaker port.
 12. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one speaker port is located such that when the user holds the gaming device with both hands in order to operate the directional input and the cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons, the user's hands do not block sounds emanating from the at least one speaker port.
 13. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 1, wherein one speaker port is provided to the right of the opening.
 14. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion runs along top and bottom edge portions of the opening.
 15. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 14, wherein the protrusion completely surrounds the opening.
 16. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 1, wherein the handheld electronic gaming device is manipulable between first and second states.
 17. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 16, wherein one end of the handheld electronic gaming device moves away from another end of the handheld electronic gaming device as the handheld electronic gaming device is manipulated from the first state to the second state.
 18. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 17, being not playable when in the first state.
 19. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 18, wherein the first state is a closed position and the second state is a fully open position.
 20. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 16, wherein the shoulder buttons are accessible in both the first state and the second state.
 21. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 16, wherein the power port is accessible in both the first state and the second state.
 22. A handheld electronic gaming device, comprising: a housing having a central area for accommodating a touch-sensitive display screen such that front surfaces of the housing and the display screen are substantially parallel with one another when the display screen is accommodated in the housing in the central area; a protrusion running along at least left and right edges, and top and bottom edge portions, of the central area and extending outwardly from the front surface of the housing in a direction opposite a depth of the central area; a directional input to the left of the central area; a cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons to the right of the central area, wherein the directional input and the cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the central area; first and second game function buttons horizontally in line with one another, the first and second game function buttons having a combined user-operable surface area smaller than that of the cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons; a left shoulder button and a right shoulder button that are symmetrical with respect to the housing; a power port on a side edge surface of the housing, the side edge surface being substantially perpendicular to the front surface of the housing; at least one speaker port located towards at least one of the left and right sides of the central area; and at least one status indicator located on the front surface of the housing towards a peripheral edge thereof, wherein the at least one speaker port, the directional input, and the cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons are located such that when the user holds the gaming device with both hands in order to operate the directional input and the cross-shaped arrangement of four input buttons, the user's hands are not positioned in front of the at least one speaker port.
 23. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 22, wherein a memory card slot is provided to a surface different from the side edge surface of the housing on which the power port is located, the memory card slot being configured to receive a memory card such that, when the memory card is received therein, the memory card is located behind the front surface of the display screen.
 24. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 23, wherein a first memory card is providable to the memory card slot to provide a first memory for the handheld electronic gaming device, a second memory is providable within the housing remote from the memory card slot, and the first and second memories are locatable between the left shoulder button and the right shoulder button.
 25. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 22, wherein the first and second game function buttons are located directly adjacent to one another.
 26. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 22, wherein the left and right shoulder buttons protrude outwardly from the housing and generally follow contours at upper front corners of the housing.
 27. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 22, wherein the handheld electronic gaming device is manipulable between first and second states.
 28. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 27, wherein the shoulder buttons are accessible in both the first state and the second state.
 29. The handheld electronic gaming device according to claim 27, wherein the power port is accessible in both the first state and the second state. 